Some of the biggest changes in the rules include:

1. Clarifying certain waste determination requirements such as when they are performed, and how they are documented.
2. A requirement for hazard indicator labels to be placed on waste containers and tanks.
3. Allowing large quantity generators (LQG) to consolidate hazardous waste from very small quantity generators (VSQG) when the LQG and VSQG are owned by the same company.
4. Requiring SQGs to re-notify every 4 years, and to keep records of hazardous waste container and tank inspections, findings, and corrective actions.
5. Allowing VSQGs and SQGs to exceed generator category limits without becoming subject to the higher generator category requirements, so long as the generators follow the new episodic generator requirements. 
6. Allowing aerosol cans to be managed as a universal waste.

 
Generator Category Name Change – Knowing where your operation falls in the regulations is important to navigate the regulation.  The adoption of GIR replaced the old category Conditionally Exempt Small Quantity Generator with Very Small Quantity Generator (VSQG).  Remember, each type of generator has a different set of waste management requirements.  Suffice it to say that VSQGs have fewer requirements than do LQGs.
 
Labelling - VSQGs must label their containers that contain hazardous wastes to identify the contents, while SQGs and LQGs must label hazardous wastes containers with the words “Hazardous Waste”, the waste codes, accumulation start date and another label or marking identifying the hazard associated with the waste. 

SQG Re-Notification:  SQGs are now required to re-notify EGLE every 4 years regarding their generator status.  The re-notification must be completed by September 1st of the 4th year.     SQGs who have not previously notified EGLE  must complete the Site Identification form (EQP-5150) and submit it to EGLE by September 1, 2021 or earlier if an ID number is needed for manifesting hazardous waste. 
 
Waste Determination:  Each hazardous waste must be characterized, meaning a generator must determine if any of its waste streams are considered hazardous waste.  The information gathered during the characterization process must be documented and kept for 3 years.  Information used to characterize waste can include knowledge of the process generating the waste, analytical results from sampling the waste, and SDSs from raw materials that went into generating the waste, among other things. 
 
Aerosol Cans – For generators in Michigan, this is a big change.  Now, aerosol cans can be classified as Universal Waste rather than hazardous wastes, as long as aerosol cans are managed in accordance with the Universal Waste Rules. 
 
The rules include requirements for labelling and managing of containers, defines aerosol can processing, and includes recordkeeping and training requirements.  Some general universal waste requirements that apply to aerosol cans include: 

• Universal waste can be accumulated for one year or less
• Containers must be kept closed
• Facilities must meet individual universal waste type labeling requirements
• Facilities must comply with DOT shipping requirements
• Facilities must obtain agreement from receiver of universal waste to receive the waste
• Facilities ust comply with Part 121 liquid industrial by-product requirements if contains any free liquids
• A Shipping document, such as a manifest or a bill of lading, must be used for transportation of the universal waste.

 
There are some other advantages to classifying aerosol cans as universal wastes rather than hazardous wastes.  Aerosol can puncture systems are cost-effective options.  The company will likely save money by separating the can from the liquid rather than merely sending partially full aerosol cans off as hazardous waste.  A puncture system removes liquids from the aerosol cans and accumulates it in drums and the aerosol propellent is absorbed into the can puncture system filter, and the empty aerosol cans are then placed in the scrap metal bin.  In addition, EGLE has established air permitting exemptions for on-site puncturing of miscellaneous and surface coating hand-held aerosol cans. 
 
Episodic Waste Generation Events – Making the regulation more flexible for generators and to resolve a historic problem facing many VSQGs and Small Quantity Generators (SQGs), the GIR allows a company to temporarily exceed its monthly generator quantity without bumping the company into a more stringent generator category.  Some of our clients are excited about this change because oftentimes after a plant clean-out or a production change, they are left with more hazardous waste than they would normally generate.  Sometimes a spill creates an unplanned quantity of cleanup debris that must be managed as hazardous waste.  This unplanned event often bumps a company into a more stringent generator category. 
 
Previously, if a generator were to exceed a monthly generation rate threshold for its generator class, the company had to comply with all of the rules for the more stringent generator classification.  Now, using the Episodic Waste Generation Event, a generator can exceed its generator classification threshold once per year without being thrust into the more stringent regulatory category. 
 
Of course, there are a few conditions that must be met in order to qualify for the Episodic Waste Generation event:  

• Planned event:  a generator must Notify EGLE at least 30 calendar days prior to a planned event using Site ID form.
• Unplanned event:  a generator must Notify EGLE within 72 hours of the unplanned event by phone/email/fax, followed-up by submittal of a completed Site ID form.
• VSQGs will need to obtain a Site ID if they don’t already have one. ​

• Accumulation in tanks must comply with SQG tank management requirements.
• Waste must be transported by a licensed hazardous waste transporter, using a manifest, and transferred to a licensed hazardous waste facility within 60 calendar days of the episodic event.
• All records of episodic events must be maintained for a minimum of3 years from the date of event. ​​

​Waste Consolidation – Another new rule that provides more flexibility is waste consolidation.  A company that owns and operates a VSQG facility and a Large Quantity Generator (LQG) facility can consolidate the VSQG facility’s wastes at the LQG facility if both facilities are under the control of the same person (as defined in the rule) and they meet certain conditions: 
 
Some VSQG conditions include: 

• The VSQG must characterize and document its waste determinations.
• Containers of hazardous waste must be marked or labeled with “Hazardous Waste” and a description of the hazard associated with the waste. 
• Hazardous waste liquids must be accumulated in an area protected from weather, fire, physical damage, and vandals.  The accumulation area must also prevent hazardous waste from escaping into the soils, into surface or groundwaters, or into drains or sewers.  In addition, that the waste must be managed so that fugitive emissions do not violate any air pollution control regulations.
• A shipping document and liquid industrial by-products transporter must be used.

 
LQGs must meet the following conditions:

• The LQG must Notify EGLE of the VSQG consolidation activities at least 30 days prior to receiving the first shipment using the Site ID Form.
• Label VSQG containers with the date accumulation starts, which is the date the hazardous waste was received from the VSQG.
• If the LQG consolidates hazardous waste from a VSQG with its own hazardous waste or with hazardous waste from other VSQGs, the LQG must label each container or tank with the earliest date any hazardous waste was placed in the container at the LQG location.
• LQGs must maintain records that provide the following details for each VSQG shipment received for at least 3 years:

• VSQG name and site address.
• VSQG contact, phone number and e-mail.
• Description of the hazardous waste received the quantity and the date the hazardous waste was received.

• Manage consolidated waste as fully regulated LQG hazardous waste and send the VSQG waste for treatment/disposal to a licensed TSDF within 90 days of the accumulation date.
• Report VSQG consolidation activities in Biennial Reporting using a G51 source code to distinguish the VSQG waste from the waste generated at the LQG facility.

 
These are just some of the highlights of the new GIR.   

Here is a Link to the EGLE HW GIR page where you can read more.

even months after an incident occurred that can affect the “days away,” “transfer” and other information on the log.

Tier 2 Reports – Has your company started any new processes this past year?  Are there any new chemicals stored on site?  If so, determine the quantities and how and where the materials are managed on site.  Now is a good time to update your chemical inventory so that you are ready and able to prepare your Tier 2 Report.  Tier 2 Reports are due March 1, 2021.  ​

And, don’t forget, a thorough and accurate chemical inventory supports other programs like Right-to-Know, oil and chemical spill prevention (SPCC and PIPP) and storm water pollution prevention. 
 
Air Permit Reports – Depending on your emission units and permit terms and conditions, you may have monthly, quarterly, semi-annual or annual reports to submit.  It is a good idea to check in with the staff responsible for collecting data to ensure it is complete and accurate and that the data will be available when needed. 
 
Toxic Release Inventory – TRI reports aren’t due until July 1st.  And although you still have some time, it is always a good idea to get a jump start on collecting necessary data, which can be time consuming and cumbersome.  If you already know that chemical quantities exceed thresholds, start ordering 2020 data or reports from appropriate company departments and vendors now so you have plenty of time to assemble and analyze the data to prepare the TRI report and submit it on time. 
 
If you are unsure whether TRI Reporting is required, the first step is to conduct an Applicability Determination to identify whether regulatory thresholds have been exceeded.  This activity examines the raw materials, processes and wastes generated by a facility and compares the results with the regulatory thresholds.  If thresholds are exceeded, then a TRI report Form A or Form R are required. 
 
Online Reporting Access – Just like the fire department wants you to check the batteries in the smoke detectors at home during the New Year, it is also a great time to check your usernames and passwords to make sure they are current and still work so that your online access is not interrupted when you go to enter your data.  Some agencies even require you to change your password annually.  The new year is also a good time to make sure that everyone at the facility involved in the reporting process still knows their login information and how to use it.  Getting these items resolved now will help avoid headaches as you approach reporting deadlines. 
 

Some companies have chosen to make their COVID-19 Preparedness Plan a separate document, while others have just incorporated these new activities into their existing Haz Com plan.  Either way is fine as long as you can demonstrate that you are following the applicable OSHA guidance and Executive Orders. 
 
What we are doing, in essence, is looking at COVID-19 as a new hazard introduced into the workplace that can cause death or serious injury.  We should treat Covid-19 just like we would any other occupational hazard, and use OSHA’s COVID-19 guidance to help measure the risk posed by certain workstations, sick employees and visitors.  Then we determine the steps the employer needs to take to eliminate or reduce this new hazard.  These are considered reasonable steps in assessing and abating a hazard.  Let’s do a Deeper Dive into What this would look like:
 
As we know, OSHA requires that employers provide a safe working environment, one that is free from recognized hazards that can cause death or serious physical harm.  Enforcement is done using the General Duty Clause and other applicable and specific regulations.  We typically create a safe workplace by conducting hazard assessments and then developing engineering solutions and procedures on how to abate the hazards and protect employees and people who visit the facility. 
 
If we simply treat COVID-19 as a new serious hazard in the workplace, then the OSHA requirements that we need to consider come into focus.  These include hazard assessment, safe work practices and hierarchy of controls (engineering and PPE).  We can then prepare a COVID-19 Preparedness and Response Plan with the recommendations in OSHA’s COVID-19 Preparedness Guide (OSHA 3990).  Here are the recommended steps:

• Perform a hazard analysis of the COVID-19 hazard.
• Identify the risk level of your employees relative to their work environments.
• Identify the routes of exposure and the opportunities for exposure for plant employees, visitors, sales staff, etc.
• Develop hazard mitigation strategies to reduce or eliminate those potential exposures.  
• Remember to use the OSHA hierarchy of controls when developing mitigation strategies for engineering controls, administrative controls and the use of PPE.
• Implement the mitigation strategies and evaluate their effectiveness.   
• Include procedures to respond to suspected or confirmed infected employees, including contact tracing. 
• Train employees on how the company is tackling the COVID-19 problem, signs and symptoms of the disease and on the company’s policies to deal with confirmed or suspected cases.
• Document everything you do. 

 
We also need to consider Executive Orders that provide insight on required best practices.  These best practices fall into five categories:

1. Access control.  Implementing practices to quickly identify and record potential exposure to COVID‑19 in the workplace.
2. Physical distancing.  Minimizing levels of close contact within the workplace to limit the spread of COVID‑19.
3. Sanitation and hygiene.  Increasing the frequently and vigor of cleaning practices.
4. PPE.  Ensuring that all employees have access to PPE to keep from contracting or transmitting the disease. 
5. Isolation and Contact tracing.  Developing and implementing procedures and protocols on what to do if an employee is suspected to have or is diagnosed with COVID‑19.

 
If it Wasn’t Written Down, Then it Didn’t Happen
 
This last step is very important.  Document everything you do.  Remember, the old OSHA adage still applies.  “If it is not written down, then it didn’t happen.”  In addition to your plan, document and maintain training records, entry screening results and the steps taken to isolate a confirmed or suspected case of COVID-19, and appropriate notifications to the health department and others.  Having appropriate documentation that describes the actions planned and actions taken because of an exposure will be especially important when employees complain to OSHA or an agency conducts an inquiry at your facility.  You will need to be able to demonstrate how you provided a place of employment free from recognized hazards, including COVID-19.  And you will do that using your written hazard assessment, policies and procedures, engineering controls and required PPE. 
 
Litigation related to COVID-19 injuries, fatalities and human resource issues is an emerging legal market, so it is extremely important that you have a plan and document everything the company has done to provide a safe work environment.  Together they will demonstrate the company’s good-faith efforts taken to deal with the new hazard and be useful in resolving compliance or legal disputes when they arise. 
 
Lastly, as restrictions are loosened and we begin to reopen, remember not to get sucked into the free-for-all of not worrying about COVID-19 prevention.  Many states are currently re-imposing restrictions after seeing spikes in COVID cases as a result of people not being careful enough.  We don’t want to invite this behavior into our businesses.  We don’t want to contribute to the infection rate, so it will be important to re-emphasize with employees that they need to stay vigilant at home and at play to prevent the spread of infection to family, friends and  co-workers.    

Here are some links to useful information and guidance that will help you navigate COVID-19 as you re-open.

• MIOSHA COVID-19 Preparedness & Prevention Plan
• MIOSHA Re-Open Checklist
• Executive Orders web site
• OSHA 3990

​If you have a process that contains highly hazardous chemicals, it’s likely that you are required to implement a Process Safety Management program at your facility.  If you have established your program, then you already know that it is everyone’s responsibility to protect people and the environment from exposure to highly hazardous chemicals.  And, having systems in place to prevent exposures and reduce the potential for catastrophic event like a significant release of toxic or flammable material is what Process Safety Management is all about.  So, how does Process Safety Information (PSI) fit into this system?

The rule doesn’t provide allot of guidance on how to gather the information, what form it should take or what to do with the information once you have it.  But we will get into these kinds of details later.  As time goes on, we will explore each of the PSI requirements in future posts.  Today we are going to focus on the purpose of PSI.

The Purpose of PSI

The regulation simply states that, “The compilation of written process safety information is to enable the employer and the employees involved in operating the process to identify and understand the hazards posed by those processes involving highly hazardous chemicals.” 

In our opinion, though, PSI is the backbone of the PSM Program.  PSI provides the building blocks for the rest of your PSM Program.  And we are in agreement with Appendix C in that having complete and accurate PSI is essential for an effective PSM program. 

PSI is a core requirement. It is a necessity.  Imagine, if accurate information is not maintained and something happens, how would you deal with the situation if you don’t know what kind of materials are in your process.  It’s kind of like following a recipe, if you don’t know what the ingredients are, how do you know that your cake will turn out?  If you don’t know what kind of gasoline your car runs on, how do you know what to put in it if you run out of gas?  If you don’t know what kind of equipment is in your refrigeration system, how will know what to do when something needs repair or replacement? 

It’s the same principle.  There is basic information you need to have on hand in order to run your process effectively and efficiently.

So, let’s repeat the mantra.  Complete and accurate PSI is imperative.  It is really, Really, REALLY important because it supports everything else you do. 
 
How Does PSI Inform the rest of your PSM Program?

PSI is the foundation of your entire PSM program. You use PSI to build your program.  It intersects and interacts with all the other PSM program elements.  We’ll keep it simple for now.  Here are a few examples of how PSI affects the rest of your program:

• Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) include the safe operating limits of your system.  If your operators don’t know what the safe limits are or they are listed incorrectly in your SOPs, just think about what could go wrong if your process exceeds the limits.
• Training is completely dependent on accurate PSI.  If the information in PSI is reflected in the SOPs and training is conducted using the inaccurate SOPs, then the training conducted just taught your operators the wrong thing.
• Complete and accurate PSI has to be available to do a Process Hazard Analysis (PHA).  You can’t even begin a PHA if you don’t have a set of P&IDs that contains appropriate information (that’s a whole post by itself).  The very basis of the PHA is dependent upon accurate P&IDs.  If your P&IDs are wrong, all the time and energy conducting the hazard assessment will have been wasted.
• The ability to effectively evaluate a change to your process would be impaired.  The management of change (MOC) procedure would be ineffective.  If the PSI is inaccurate, then the change you are proposing would be based on erroneous information and it is likely that the change selected would be ineffective, costly and even dangerous.    If you don’t have PSI, then how would you evaluate a change in the first place? 
• Your Mechanical Integrity program will also be impaired.  If you don’t have information about your equipment, how do you set up a preventative maintenance program.  What standards or guidelines will you use?  How often do you need to replace a particular relief valve? 

We hope that these examples are useful in illustrating how PSI is used in the rest of a PSM program.  The data about your equipment, the chemicals and the technology of the process will guide you in making important decisions. 

Up Next – The details
​
Over the next several months we will be posting some details about each of the required PSI.  That is the information required by PSM and some guidance on what it should look like and how to use it.

As businesses begin re-opening and more people are returning to work, it is good to know that OSHA has an understanding that some companies may have had difficulty complying with OSHA standards during the Pandemic shut-down.

OSHA published a Memorandum entitled, “Discretion in Enforcement when Considering an Employer's Good Faith Efforts During the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic.” Even though this OSHA Memorandum was published in April, it is worth taking another look at it.

The Memorandum explains that OSHA understands that COVID pandemic has created a lot of new and unusual situations to deal with at work, and that many factors have affected our businesses over the past several months that have hindered our ability to comply with OSHA standards, such as:  1) employees not showing up for work so they miss training sessions;  2) consultants not able to travel to your facility to perform an audit;  3) regularly scheduled testing was suspended to prevent the spread of COVID-19;  and the list goes on. 

Not a Free Ride

So, OSHA gets it and they are trying to take into consideration these hardships when it comes to your compliance or lack thereof.  Now that COVID-19 cases are decreasing in some geographic areas, OSHA is returning to their original inspection planning policy for prioritizing and performing inspections.  That should come as no surprise.  The Inspectors are returning to their jobs too.  But under the circumstances, and per the Memorandum, OSHA will be “Considering Good Faith Efforts” made to get work done and stay in compliance with OSHA regulatory requirements during pandemic.

But, it is not a “Free Ride.”  You don’t automatically pass Go and receive a pardon, so to speak.  Instead, there are 3 stipulations to consider:

1. Enforcement discretion applies only to standards that have “annual or recurring” requirements such as annual training or periodic audits.  
2. Employers must make a Good Faith Effort to comply.
3. Employers must be able to prove that they made a Good Faith Effort to comply.

Let’s break this down. 

Annual or Recurring Requirements:  In its memorandum, OSHA provides several examples in an Annex of types of situations where discretion can be applied.  You can read the details for yourself here, but they include annual audiograms, annual HAZWOPER training, annual fit testing and Process Safety Management requirements.

Good Faith Effort:  Inspectors will be evaluating whether you have made a “Good Faith Effort” to comply with OSHA standards applicable to your site.  What interim measures might have been employed if full measures could not be implemented to ensure employees are not exposed to hazards for which they were not trained?  They will be asking you to demonstrate that you “thoroughly explored all options to comply with applicable standard”.  For example, did you determine whether you could employ virtual or remote communication strategies to conduct training instead of holding in-classroom training.

Demonstrate the “Good Faith Effort” to comply:  This means you need documentation that demonstrates you made the effort.  That could include letters (or emails) showing that a consultant has closed, a memo-to-file explaining your situation and how compliance could not be met because of pandemic-related circumstances.  If you cannot demonstrate your effort to comply, the memorandum says that “a citation may be issued” according to current OSHA enforcement policy.  And, if a citation is issued, OSHA may return to conduct a monitoring inspection.

Summary

OSHA will be using enforcement discretion on whether or not to issue a citation to those companies that can demonstrate that they were working in Good Faith to comply with OSHA’s periodic requirements, but the COVID-19 pandemic played a significant role in preventing their compliance. 

As always, it is best to be prepared with solid documentation, than it is to risk being cited when OSHA shows up at your door.

It is that time of year.  The “Dog Days of Summer.”  In many areas of the Midwest it is expected to be hot and humid.  Workers young and old are being exposed to heat and humidity but may not yet be acclimated.  Let’s review some important principles of heat exposure and the signs and symptoms of heat exhaustion and heat stroke. 

Signs, Symptoms & First Aid
 
The first thing to know is how to recognize the signs and symptoms of heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stroke. ​

Heat Stress Regulations & Guidance
 
There are no specific regulations for heat stress, but MIOSHA, OSHA, ACGIH, NIOSH and NOAA all have guidance and information to educate employers on how to keep workers safe from heat induced illnesses.  A good place to start is the Heat Index published by NOAA.  ​

​Heat Index:  The heat index is the “feels like” temperature we hear from the local weather station and it incorporates both temperature and humidity.  The higher the heat index the hotter it will feel and the greater the risk of workers experiencing heat-related illness.  The index is broken into four levels of risk: Caution; Extreme Caution; Danger and Extreme Danger.  

​Humidity Matters  

Relative humidity is the amount of moisture in the air.  The higher the humidity the harder it is for the body to cool itself through evaporation of sweat resulting in the air temperature feeling hotter.  Contrary to that, very low humidity can also cause problems if our sweat evaporates too quickly causing dehydration if a person does not drink enough water. 
 
An important side-note about the NOAA heat index is that the values were developed for shady, light wind conditions.  This is a critical consideration because exposure to full sun can increase heat index values by up to 15 degrees F.  As a result, solar load needs to be considered when developing protective measures for a particular job or work site. 
 
ACGIH Threshold Limit Value
 
In the back of the ACGIH TLV and BEI booklet is a Thermal Stress section that includes heat stress and strain guidelines.  The section includes a decision tree, the use of Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature, clothing adjustments and other criteria to provide a TLV and action level for planning purposes to avoid heat strain.  The section also includes warnings about the TLV being based on the ability of most healthy people who are also acclimatized.  The TLV does not apply to people with prior heat stroke, heat exhaustion, cardiac or kidney problems, pregnancy, obesity or older workers, among others. 
 
Heat-Related Illness Prevention Plan

Whether you are looking at ACGIH, OSHA or other heat stress guidance, having a plan for a particular job or job site that will be proactive in protecting workers is a plus.  Depending on the environmental conditions, acclimation of workers and their overall health, some plan elements are as follows:

• Providing water, sports drinks rest areas and other supplies as needed for the job site. 
• Emergency preparedness in case a worker experiences heat exhaustion or heat stroke. 
• Allow workers to acclimatize over time through efficient use of increasing workloads and frequent breaks. 
• Provide for modified work schedules to avoid high heat and sun conditions for certain activities.
• Train workers in the signs and symptoms of heat stress and preventative measures before they get to the job site or before it gets hot.  
• Monitoring of the workers by visual and verbal methods to check for signs of heat stress. 
• Track the weather conditions for the work site, assess the risk and determine which prevention measures will be needed during the work schedule. 
• Implement your plan when the heat index is greater than 80 degrees F and adjust the risk levels based on direct sun exposure, shade, wind conditions, work load and type of protective clothing. 

 
The following links have some helpful information for developing and implementing a Heat-Related Illness Prevention Plan, including an OSHA-NIOSH Heat Safety app downloadable to a cell phone:  

The corona virus that leads to the illness COVID-19 has impacted all of us and according to the National Institutes of Health, it "is an emerging, rapidly evolving situation."  So we at Schneider Risk Management (SRM) have pulled together links and information about how to protect your business and employees during this global pandemic.